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just adding a quick note to all this advice: the other day I sourced an ugly digital whine noise in my rack to one of the cables. I spent a week suspecting and checking every piece of gear, changing the order of stuff, playing with isolation, even opening a few things and looking for any mysterious shorts, with no result. Finally discovered that switching one cable from left channel to right channel caused the noise to follow.....swapped out the cable and the noise was gone. The problem? I measured the cable with an ohmmeter, 10 ohms across the ground from one end to the other!!! This usually means either the shield is damaged or there is a problem in the connector itself. In my case it was the connector. Letting my EE background kick in: impedance across the ground meant my audio signal to the power amp was not choosing that nice short path for its ground, and instead took some long circular path to find a ground path between the one output and the power amp input. This created a big current loop, acting as an antennae and picking up the horrible noise from some other piece of gear that was normally silent. the moral: use good quality cables, with good, secure shielding. Doesn't need to be some exotic alloy for $300/ft. Just good quality and save yourself a lot of trouble. And take care of them....cables that have been stepped on for years, wrapped up a thousand times, yanked around.......the shields will get pretty frayed. Replace 'em! That can definitely affect things like system noise. It can even affect the sound, if a large resistance in a ground/signal wire and the natural capacitance of the wire form a filter in the audio range, you can hear it. kim ________________________________________________________ Kim Flint, MTS 408-752-9284 Chromatic Research kflint@chromatic.com http://www.chromatic.com