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yeah, when I read, "it has nothing to do with resonance" I had to think to myslef, "uuh, doesn't EVERYTHING, soundwise, about an acoustic instrument have something to do with resonance?" (yes) So I wrote that down in this email and sent it to the list. So there. Mark Richard Zvonar wrote: > At 10:41 AM -0400 8/4/01, David Beardsley wrote: > >Wolf tones are out of tune fifths. They are so out of tune that they >howl > >like a wolf. They have nothing to do with resonance. > > It appears that the term "wolf tone" is being used in at least two > different ways, though I've never before heard the definition David > Beardsley proposes. > > In my experience the common usage describes undesirable resonances. > As my violist wife explains it, a wolf tone is caused by an unstable > interaction between the frequency of a bowed string and the > fundamental resonant frequency of the instrument's front or back > plate. It causes the instrument to "bark" at you, and on the viola is > commonly in the range of F to F#. The fact that the wolf note is not > necessarily in tune with the string suggests a possible origin fro > Beardsley's usage. > > I've found citations for "wolf tones" or "wolf notes" in Benade's > "Fundamentals of Musical Acoustics" and "Horns, Strings, & Harmony" > and in Backus's "The Acoustic Foundations of Music." > > It is even possible to purchase wolf note eliminators! > > <http://www.sdlmusic.com/html/wolf.htm> > -- > > ______________________________________________________________ > Richard Zvonar, PhD > (818) 788-2202 > http://www.zvonar.com > http://RZCybernetics.com > http://www.cybmotion.com/aliaszone > http://www.live365.com/cgi-bin/directory.cgi?autostart=rz