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hi, i nearly cry just thinking about this from the article linked below: In LQG, reality is built of loops that interact and combine to form so-called spin networks-- first envisioned by English mathematician Roger Penrose in the 1960s as abstract graphs. Smolin and Rovelli used standard techniques to quantize the equations of general relativity and in doing so discovered Penrose's networks buried in the math. The nodes and edges of these graphs carry discrete units of area and volume, giving rise to three- dimensional quantum space. But because the theorists started with relativity, they were still left with some semblance of a space outside the quantum networks. http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0007E95C-9597-1DC9-AF71809EC588EE DF&catID=2 have a nice and loopy day omjn