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I'd always thought Pierre Shaeffer had invented looping(at least I thought that since I found out about such things) ,and according to this history<http://csunix1.lvc.edu/~snyder/em/schaef.html>, he did,only he did it by cutting a nonspiral groove into a phono disc In 1942 while working for Radio Televison France. So he would have had access to cutting edge technology so to speak. His engineer/assistant ,Pierre Henry was a student of Messian. Apparently Shaeffer's work lead directly to the Mellotron,arguably the first commercial looping device <http://csunix1.lvc.edu/~snyder/em/mc.html#phono> In some circles Les Paul has long been given credit for inventing multitracking,I don't know how accurate this is ,but he does seem to have introduced it into popular music. But: "In 1951, RTF provided Schaeffer with a new studio. It included a tape recorder. This was an important event as the phonograph had been his tool for composition up to that point. One of the recorders had 5 track capability. One , known as the Morphophone, had 12 playback heads, which allowed for tape echo and a pseudo reverb effect. Two other decks known as Phonogenes were designed to play prerecorded loops at different speeds (one came with a 12 note keyboard!). At this time, while stereo was still in developement, Schaeffer had the means of playing up to 5 separate tracks with 5 separate speakers. <html><div></div></html> _________________________________________________________________ Express yourself instantly with MSN Messenger! Download today - it's FREE! hthttp://messenger.msn.click-url.com/go/onm00200471ave/direct/01/