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hi Kris, 1) It's possible that an uneven frequency response in your headphones causes part of the problem, maybe you're having to push the bass frequencies up to make them sound right, leading to problems with the car system. 2) Surely there's no standard answer for the question about the dynamic range on a jazz album. I bet a John Scofield album is far more compressed than "Kind of Blue". Traditionally, classical albums would be compressed just enough to fit them onto vinyl, so not really any guidelines there either. 3) You need at least one set of good full range studio monitors if you're serious about mastering, otherwise it's guesswork. I've read good reviews of headphones for mastering as a cheaper alternative though. Even then, you need to watch for bass frequencies that are below the range of the speaker. 4) I would work through the whole piece looking for loud peaks, and then think about whether to reduce the volume on each of them manually (from individual track if available) if that would help to make the overall normalised track a bit louder. >From a listener point of view, I rather hear your music with dynamics >fully intact, if that's how you like it to sound, and no multi-band >compression ;-) andy butler