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from a scholar I know: "Don't forget the root of Christmas too! December 25 is actually the birthday of the Persian Sun God, Mithras, not Jesus. Constantine, basically fabricated Christmas as part of his political strategy to unite the Roman Republic, because it was comprised of so many mystery cults, Roman gods, diverse beliefs, etc, and he needed to bring the people together under a common state religion. Since Constantine worshiped the Sun God (Sol Invictus or Mithras), he basically swapped birthdays, giving that birthday to Jesus, and also making the Solar calendar week start on Sunday (Sun = Sun God = Sol Invictus, Mithras, etc). People go to church today on Sunday, because of Constantine, though the original Christians likely worshiped on Saturday. But back to Christmas, people lit candles in worship of the Sun God, brought in trees as a part of Mithras workshop, and gave gifts as part of the festival in honor of the agriculture god, Saturn. Even the story of Jesus, the resurrection, the whole bit, is all a clone of the story of Mithras, which precedes Christianity by over 600 years....and it goes deeper into Zoroasterism, with an almost duplicate story of a man who was born a god-child, was sought to be destroyed by dark forces, birth was marked by miracles, was religiously active in his 20/30's, professed a belief of resurrection, judgment day, heaven and hell, etc....all 600-1000 years (and debatably longer) before the dawn of Christianity. Mithraism, the official religion of the Roman empire in 274 CE was actually the main rival of Christianity during this time (4th century AD), because they were identical in many respects. Christianity won out because of Constantine's political campaign to unit the republic under one monotheistic state religion. So, Christmas is basically a past-together holiday of Saturn and Mithras celebrations, along with the Sol Invictus mystery cult" I had also heard that the Solstice celebration amongst many of the Northern shamanic tribes involved the ritual burning of the largest felled tree in the forest (the Yule Log) and that the Solstice celebration was the biggest party of the year. I had heard (and I don't know if this is verifiable) that Constantine moved the official celebration of Jesus of Nazareth's birth to the 25th in order to allow for these celebrations to continue but in a Christian way without upsetting all of his subjects. Fascinating stuff. I think that the cooption of myth and ritual happens continually with conquering and conquered peoples. This is highly evidenced in the African rituals that were coopted by the slave owners in the Caribbean and North and South America............. ..................all a part of our sometimes violent heritage as human beings.................let's just hope that some alien race doesn't come along (ala 'Day the Earth Stood Still') and take us to task for our heritage. Peace to all of you, whatever you believe. Rick