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I've just been reading a biography of Cage, "the roaring silence". It's a fascinating read, and very enlightening. Cage's experiments and concepts grow out of very deep-seated spiritual/philosophical beliefs, particularly Zen Buddhism. In essence, what he was trying to do was create art with no ego involved - even to the extent of trying to avoid the influence of his likes, dislikes and emotions on the music. He felt that the silent piece (4" 33') did this possibly the best. His other techniques of chance composition, choosing notes by the I Ching, by coffee stains or scattered pellets on a piece of paper, etc., had the same goal. It was a way of allowing the universe to create the music with as little guidance from him as possible. This could be seen as similiar to the use of Tarot cards, or the I Ching, where the vagaries of chance can be seen as specific guidance or advice when interpreted by a knowledgable individual. I admire him greatly, though I own very little of his music. He was certainly an artist working with the medium of sound, as well as paint, dance, printing, etc. Daryl Shawn highhorse@mhorse.com > i've had an interesting debate w/ a musician friend about cage. > a lot of his stuff i think is more "conceptual art"--